Tuesday, June 23, 2015

Valuation of a Pro-bowl Tight End

Most NFL organizations would hope to roster a pro-bowl caliber tight end.  Still, balancing the cost and benefit of such a personnel choice is worth a look.  To this end, I compiled a list of the 24 NFL 1st team Associated Press (AP) tight ends from the last ~50 years:

Year Name Team
2013 Jimmy Graham NO
2011 Rob Gronkowski NE
2009 Dallas Clark IND
2007 Jason Witten DAL
2004 Antonio Gates SDG
1999 Tony Gonzalez KAN
1994 Ben Coates NE
1993 Shannon Sharpe DEN
1992 Jay Novacek DAL
1991 Marv Cook NE
1988 Keith Jackson PHI
1986 Mark Bavaro NYG
1984 Ozzie Newsome CLE
1983 Todd Christensen RAI
1980 Kellen Winslow SDG
1976 Dave Casper OAK
1974 Riley Odoms DEN
1973 Charle Young PHI
1972 Ted Kwalick SF
1969 Charlie Sanders DET
1966 John Mackey BAL
1965 Pete Retzlaff PHI
1963 Mike Ditka CHI
1962 Ron Kramer GNB

With the exception of Jay Novacek and Todd Heap, the remaining 22 players attained their pro-bowl status with their drafting organization.  As such, I collected the associated team data (wins and total points) from their rookie season and subsequent three years of their drafting organization, choosing a 4 year span to mirror the current structure of the draftee contract in the NFL.  I also collected team data from the prior year to serve as a baseline reference for some paired testing procedures.

To illustrate the team contribution of an eventual pro-bowl tight end, I generated some 95% confidence intervals of the season win percentage.  In our sample it appears that an eventual pro-bowl tight end was often the difference between a losing and winning season:


Comparing the initial 4 year tenure of these eventual AP-1st Team Tight Ends to the baseline data, we see there's a initial bump of about 10% in win percentage during their rookie year, followed by another 9% increase their sophomore season, with only a small drop off of less than 3% in the 3rd and 4th years respectively, which is still significantly better than the team baseline of the year prior to their NFL draft:


We could have conducted a similar procedure based on points per game, but the graphs look pretty much the same, so let's just summarize in tabular form:

Prior Yr
Rookie
2nd Year
3rd Year
4th Year
Mean Pts/Gm
20.7
23.3
24.6
25.0
23.9
Lower 95%
17.7
20.1
20.7
21.8
21.0
Upper 95%
23.8
26.4
28.5
28.3
26.9
Mean change
-
2.5
3.9
4.3
3.2
Lower 95%
-
-0.3
1.3
2.3
0.4
Upper 95%
-
5.3
6.4
6.3
6.0

It's pretty clear from these figures that these AP 1st Team Tight-ends make a significant contribution to the team: to summarize, AP 1st team tight ends make a marginal contribution during their rookie year of an additional 2.5 points per game (95% CI: -0.3 to 5.3) translating to an additional 1.6 games (per 16 game schedule) their rookie year.  Subsequently, these players making the leap in subsequent years to contribute 3.9 (95% CI: 1.3-6.4), 4.3 (95% CI: 2.3-6.3), and 3.2 (95% CI: 0.4-6.0) additional points per game translating to 3.0, 2.6, and 2.4 additional wins over the course of the last three 16 game season in their rookie contracts.  All-in-all this amounts to nearly 10 additional wins over the course of the 4 year structure of current-day rookie contract for a AP-1st team caliber NFL tight end. Estimating the 2015 dollar value of these players based on their overall draft pick numbers resulted in an average contract of a little less than $4 million over 4 years, averaging out to about $400K per win

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